What are ovarian cysts?

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Often, there are no symptoms with ovarian cysts, but sometimes there is a pain. If pain occurs, relaxation techniques may help.

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that grow on a woman’s ovary. They are relatively widespread and usually harmless. Many women have no symptoms at all, and about one-third of menstruating women have an ovarian cyst at any given time.

The two most common types of ovarian cysts are:

• Corpus luteum cyst: This type of cyst develops in the corpus luteum, which is tissue that fills an empty follicle once it has released an egg during ovulation. These cysts may bleed and cause pain.
• Follicular cyst: These cysts form in a follicle where an egg develops during ovulation.

Neither of these types of cyst usually cause symptoms and typically disappear on their own.

Another type of ovarian cyst, a benign tumour, grows slowly and, in rare cases, may become cancerous.

Women with a condition called polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often have multiple follicular cysts. PCOS is a syndrome that causes hormone imbalances. Some women with PCOS do not ovulate or only ovulate rarely.

Sometimes a cyst grows so large that it twists the ovary. This can damage the ovary or fallopian tube, or even cause life-threatening bleeding. This type of cyst requires immediate treatment to prevent permanent damage to the ovary. Sometimes, a surgeon may have to remove the ovary if it is too damaged.

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